What differentiates university students who display high and low levels of entrepreneurial intensity? On individual characteristics, cognitions and the perception of business success
Abstrakt
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current paper is to verify in what way university students who declare high individual level of entrepreneurial intensity differ from those who are
characterized by its intensity level.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: A statistical analysis of obtained survey results was conducted. The group of research participants included 413 business students. Following statistical
methods were used to analyze the data: internal reliability test, chi-square test of independence, independent samples t-test.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The line of reasoning presented in the current paper starts with the analysis of entrepreneurial intensity which, when measured on an individual level, is distinctive to people who declare a strong commitment to following an entrepreneurial career. Later the theoretical background including individual characteristics and cognitions that can potentially be prevalent among entrepreneurs is presented.
RESEARCH RESULTS: It was found that groups of students who display high and low levels of entrepreneurial intensity differ significantly. These differences pertain to individual characteristics
(i.e. gender), the perception of business success indicators and the perception of entrepreneurs’ environment favorability.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Obtained results allow to formulate conclusions about ways in which the development of entrepreneurial attitudes can be facilitated.
Several recommendations are proposed for educators and policy makers including adopting a more fine-grained approach to supporting the emergence of entrepreneurial culture in Poland.
Bibliografia
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.
Caliendo, M., Fossen, F.M., Kritikos, A., & Wetter, M. (2015). The gender gap in entrepreneurship: Not just a matter of personality. CESifo Economic Studies, 61(1), 202-238. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1093/cesifo/ifu023.
Carter, N.C., Gartner, W.B., Shaver, K.G., & Gatewood, E.J. (2003). The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00078-2.
Cressy, R. (2006). Why do most firms die young? Small Business Economics, 26(2), 103-116.
Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-004-7813-9.
Dey, P. (2016). Probing the power of entrepreneurship discourse : an immanent critique. A Guide to Discursive Organizational Psychology, 9780857939(2004), 123-145.
Douglas, E.J. & Shepherd, D.A. (2002). Self-employment as a Career Choice: Attitudes, Entrepreneurial Intentions, and Utility Maximization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), 81-90. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783479801.00025.
Fayolle, A. (2013). Personal views on the future of entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 25(7-8), 692-701. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2013.821318.
Greblikaite, J., Sroka, W., & Gerulaitiene, N. (2016). Involving Young People in Polish and Lithuanian Social Enterprises by Fostering Entrepreneurial Skills and Abilities as Entrepreneurial
Opportunity at University. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 4(3), 131-152.
Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2016.040310.
Hamilton, B.H. (2000). Does Entrepreneurship Pay? An Empirical Analysis of the Returns to Self-Employment. Journal of Political Economy, 108(3), 604-631. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1086/262131.
Kelley, D., Brush, C., Greene, P., Herrington, M., Ali, A., & Kew, P. (2015). GEM Special Report:Women’s Entrepreneurship 2015. Gem, 159.
Liao, J., Murphy, P.J., & Welsch, H. (2005). Developing and Validating a Construct of Entrepreneurial Intensity. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 8(2), 31-38.
Liao, J. & Welsch, H. (2005). Roles of social capital in venture creation: Key dimensions and research implications. Journal of Small Business Management, 43(4), 345-362. Retrieved from:
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2005.00141.x.
Liñán, F. (2004). Intention-based models of entrepreneurship education. Piccolla Impresa/Small Business, 3 (January 2004), 1-30.
Łuczka, T. & Rembiasz, M. (2016). Badanie postaw przedsiębiorczych studentów – wybrane aspekty
teoretyczne i empiryczne. Horyzonty Wychowania, 15(34), 27-47. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.17399/HW.2016.153402.
Morris, M.H., Kuratko, D.F., & Cornwall, J.R. (2013). Entrepreneurship Programs and the Modern University. Edward Elgar Pubslishing.
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The Social Dimensions of Entrepreneurship, in The Encyclopaedia of Entrepreneurship. In: Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, 72-90. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546992.003.0019.
Shinnar, R.S., Giacomin, O., & Janssen, F. (2012).
Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Intentions: The Role of Gender and Culture. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 36(3), 465-493. Retrieved form: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00509.x.van Gelderen, M. & Jansen, P. (2006). Autonomy as a start‑up motive. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 13(1), 23-32. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000610645289.
Wach, K., & Wojciechowski, L. (2016). Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students in Poland in the View of Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 4(1), 83-94. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2016.040106.
Zaleśkiewicz, T. (2004). Przedsiębiorczość i podejmowanie ryzyka. In: T. Tyszka (ed.), Psychologia ekonomiczna. Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne, 304-333.
Copyright (c) 2019 Pawel Ziemianski
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Uwagi dotyczące praw autorskich
Autorzy publikujący w tym czasopiśmie wyrażają zgodę na następując warunki:
- Autorzy zachowują prawa autorskie, przyznając czasopismu prawo do pierwszej publikacji swojego tekstu jednocześnie zarejestrowanego pod numerem licencji CC BY-ND, która pozwala innym na korzystanie z tego tekstu z uznaniem autorstwa tekstu oraz pierwotnej publikacji w tym czasopiśmie.
- Autorzy proszeni są o nawiązywanie odrębnych, dodatkowych porozumień wynikających z umowy, dotyczących dystrybucji opublikowanej w czasopiśmie wersji tekstu nie na prawach wyłączności (np. opublikowanie go w repozytorium instytucji lub w innym czasopiśmie), z potwierdzeniem pierwszej publikacji w tym czasopiśmie.
Wyraża się zgodę i zachęca autorów do publikacji ich tekstu w Internecie (np. w repozytorium instytucji lub na jej stronie internetowej) przed lub podczas procesu składania tekstu jako, że może to prowadzić do korzystnych wymian oraz wcześniejszego i większego cytowania opublikowanego tekstu (Patrz The Effect of Open Access). Zalecamy wykorzystanie dowolnego portalu stowarzyszeń badawczych z niżej wymienionych:
