The Educational and Health Impact of COVID-19 on Children With Special Needs: A Systematic Review

Słowa kluczowe: COVID-19, dzieci ze specjalnymi potrzebami, edukacja, zdrowie psychiczne, zdrowie fizyczne

Abstrakt

CEL NAUKOWY: Rządy na całym świecie zostały zmuszone do nałożenia środków dystansowania społecznego i izolacji, aby zapobiec rozprzestrzenianiu się choroby COVID-19 wywołanej przez koronawirusa SARS-CoV-2, który pojawił się w grudniu 2019 r. Po wydaniu oświadczenia uznającego COVID-19 za pandemię wprowadzono wiele środków ograniczających, takich jak zamykanie szkół, które miały poważny wpływ na zdrowie fizyczne, emocjonalne i psychiczne wszystkich ludzi, zwłaszcza dzieci ze specjalnymi potrzebami. Dane obrazujące sytuację były nieliczne, zwłaszcza w krajach o niskich i średnich dochodach. Istniejąca literatura wywodzi się głównie z krajów za- chodnich, stąd potrzeba dokonania kompleksowego przeglądu tego zagadnienia.

PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Głównym celem przeglądu systematycznego literatury jest zrozumienie wpływu pandemii COVID-19 i wprowadzonych w związku z nią środków ograniczają- cych, takich jak zamykanie szkół, na wyniki w nauce oraz zdrowie fizyczne i psychiczne dzieci ze specjalnymi potrzebami szkolnymi.

PROCES WYWODU: W przeglądzie systematycznym wykorzystano listę kontrolną PRISMA 2020, w ramach której przeanalizowano cztery bazy danych oraz tzw. szarą literaturę pod kątem artykułów pełnotekstowych i recenzowanych publikacji w języku angielskim, które ukazały się w okresie od stycznia 2019 r. do grudnia 2021 r.

WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: W rezultacie badań wyłoniono 1294 publikacje, spośród których wybrano 25 kluczowych. Badania podejmowane w analizowanych publikacjach dotyczą wpływu restrykcji pandemicznych na dzieci ze specjalnymi potrzebami na całym świecie, przy czym większość artykułów pochodzi z Europy. Ustaliliśmy, że pandemia COVID-19 i cyfryzacja szkolnictwa miały poważny wpływ na zdrowie fizyczne i psychiczne dzieci ze specjalnymi potrzebami oraz ich rodziców/opiekunów.

WNIOSKI, REKOMENDACJE I APLIKACYJNE ZNACZENIE WPŁYWU BADAŃ:  Przeprowadzone badania podkreślają potrzebę stworzenia włączającego środowiska szkolnego, które zapewni dzieciom na całym świecie osiągnięcie efektów uczenia się. Co więcej, model hybrydowy obejmujący naukę w klasie z wykorzystaniem nowatorskich, wynalazczych metod byłby korzystny dla dzieci ze specjalnymi potrzebami.

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Opublikowane
2023-12-29
Jak cytować
Batheja, D., Duong, P., Parab, V., Panarello, D., Joshi, J., & Goel, S. (2023). The Educational and Health Impact of COVID-19 on Children With Special Needs: A Systematic Review. Horyzonty Wychowania, 22(64), 11-30. https://doi.org/10.35765/hw.2023.2264.03