Individualism in the Middle Ages Towards the Linguistic Facts
Abstract
The article raises the multifaceted issue of individualism which can be perceived as positive in some social groups, or negative in others. The paper presents the traditional ways of defining this concept contained in lexicographical descriptions. It also discusses the contradictory tendencies in understanding the phenomenon of individualism. Taking a historical perspective in the discussion about individualism leads to the conclusion that its symptoms existed in the fifteenth-century language. The article aims to present the medieval vocabulary used to describe individual attitudes (the examples of the meanings of lexemes and the semantic changes they underwent). Particular attention is paid to the Old Polish words describing man as an independent individual endowed with free will.
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